During a significant vote this week, MEPs decided 355 to 247 to reserve food names including "burger" and "schnitzel" exclusively for animal-derived foods.
Should this proposal is implemented, popular plant-based products such as plant-based burgers, tofu steak, and cauliflower schnitzel could have to change their names across European Union markets.
Nevertheless, for the restriction to take effect, it must receive support from a majority of the EU's 27 countries, something that is uncertain.
Proponents argue that consumers require transparent labeling and while meat terms should only refer to items derived from livestock.
"A steak and sausages are goods from animal farming: not synthetic production or plant products," said France's lawmaker Céline Imart.
Critics, including environmental lawmakers, called the decision political tactics.
"Plant-based burgers, wheat schnitzel and tofu sausage don't mislead consumers, just certain lawmakers," declared Austrian lawmaker Thomas Waitz.
The marks another effort to control these terminology. EU lawmakers voted down a similar prohibition in four years ago.
France earlier introduced a domestic restriction on meat terms for plant-based foods in 2020, but EU courts determined it illegal under European legislation in 2024.
Leading German retailers such as Aldi and Lidl oppose the measure, cautioning that altering familiar names would confuse consumers.
Advocacy organizations cite research showing that most consumers comprehend these names when items are properly identified as vegan.
"Nearly 70% of consumers understand the terminology provided items are explicitly marked vegan or vegetarian," said Irina Popescu, a food policy officer at BEUC.
This proposal now requires consideration by European governments, and it must secure broad support to become law.
Given the mixed views within various lawmakers and the general population, the outcome of this initiative is still unclear.
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Jeremy King
Jeremy King
Jeremy King
Jeremy King